The Equality Act 2010 is a piece of legislation in the UK that was introduced to provide a comprehensive framework for tackling discrimination and promoting equality.
The Act was introduced on 1st October 2010 and replaced previous anti-discrimination laws, such as the Race Relations Act and the Disability Discrimination Act.
The Act covers a wide range of areas, including access to goods and services, employment, and schools and education.
Its provisions are designed to ensure that everyone has equal opportunities and is treated fairly, regardless of their protected characteristics.
Protected Characteristics
The Equality Act 2010 outlines nine protected characteristics that are protected by law. These characteristics are:
- Age
- Disability
- Gender reassignment
- Marriage and civil partnership
- Pregnancy and maternity
- Race
- Religion or belief
- Sex
- Sexual orientation
These characteristics are protected by law, which means that it is illegal to discriminate against someone based on any of these characteristics.
Discrimination can take many forms, including direct discrimination, indirect discrimination, harassment, victimisation, and failure to make reasonable adjustments.
Understanding the Protected Characteristics
Age
Age discrimination occurs when someone is treated unfairly because of their age. This can include refusing to hire someone because they are too old or too young, or treating someone differently because of their age.
Disability
Disability discrimination occurs when someone is treated unfairly because of a physical or mental disability. This can include things like refusing to make reasonable adjustments to accommodate someone’s disability or treating someone differently because of their disability.
Gender Reassignment
Gender reassignment discrimination occurs when someone is treated unfairly because they are transitioning or have transitioned from one gender to another.
Marriage and Civil Partnership
Marriage and civil partnership discrimination occurs when someone is treated unfairly because they are married or in a civil partnership.
Pregnancy and Maternity:
Pregnancy and maternity discrimination occurs when someone is treated unfairly because they are pregnant, have given birth, or are on maternity leave.
Race
Race discrimination occurs when someone is treated unfairly because of their race or ethnicity. This can include things like racial slurs, jokes, and offensive comments.
Religion or Belief:
Religion or belief discrimination occurs when someone is treated unfairly because of their religion or belief system. This can include things like refusing to hire someone because of their religion or treating someone differently because of their beliefs.
Sex
Sex discrimination occurs when someone is treated unfairly because of their sex. This can include things like paying women less than men for the same work or refusing to hire someone because of their gender.
Sexual Orientation
Sexual orientation discrimination occurs when someone is treated unfairly because of their sexual orientation. This can include things like refusing to serve someone in a restaurant because of their sexual orientation or treating someone differently because of their sexual orientation.
Public Sector Equality Duty
The Equality Act 2010 also introduced a public sector equality duty, which requires public authorities to promote equality and eliminate discrimination in their policies and practices. This duty applies to all public authorities, including government departments, local councils, and the NHS.
Under the public sector equality duty, public authorities must:
- Eliminate discrimination, harassment, and victimisation.
- Advance equality of opportunity.
- Foster good relations between different groups.
Public authorities must also publish equality objectives and gather data on the diversity of their workforce and service users.
The Equality Act 2010 is an important piece of legislation that is designed to promote equality and protect individuals from discrimination.
Its provisions cover a wide range of areas, including access to goods and services, employment, and education, and it outlines nine protected characteristics that are protected by law.
By ensuring that everyone has equal opportunities and is treated fairly, the Act helps to create a more inclusive society where everyone can thrive. The Act also includes the public sector equality duty, which requires public authorities to promote equality and eliminate discrimination in their policies and practices.
If you feel that you have experienced discrimination based on any of the protected characteristics outlined in the Equality Act 2010, there are several resources available to you.
The Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC) is an independent body that is responsible for promoting and enforcing equality and human rights laws in the UK. They provide information and guidance on discrimination and can also take legal action against individuals or organizations who violate the Equality Act.
You can also seek advice and support from organisations that specialise in supporting individuals who have experienced discrimination. Some examples include:
- The Citizens Advice Bureau: Provides free and confidential advice on a wide range of issues, including discrimination.
- Stonewall: A charity that works to promote equality for lesbian, gay, bi, trans, queer, questioning and ace (LGBTQ+) people
- Disability Rights UK: A charity that provides support and information for disabled people.
- Equality and Employment Law Centre is a not-for-profit, specialist provider of employment law, discrimination and HR advice and services.
In conclusion, the Equality Act 2010 is an essential piece of legislation that protects individuals from discrimination and promotes equality.
By understanding the protected characteristics and the provisions of the Act, we can all work towards creating a more inclusive and equal society.
The Ministry of Injustice is not the Ministry of Justice nor is it affiliated in any way with the justice system, legal profession or any law enforcement agencies.
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Equality Act 2010 was last updated on the 17th February 2025
