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Judiciary Legal Professionals

Can you Buy a Judge ?

His Honour Judge Martin John Cook For Sale

His Honour Judge Martin John Cook was for sale, in a box, at the Mega Car Boot Sale at Sayers Common on Sunday 29th March 2026 !

For £100 you could have his judicial gown, sash, court shoes and other memorabilia . His Honours wig had already been sold on eBay for £275.

The judges former court attire had been found in a box during a house clearance of a five million pound house in Esher, Surrey.

His Honour Judge Cook in a Box

His Honour Judge Michael John Cook was a British circuit judge (often referred to as HHJ Michael Cook or simply Judge Michael Cook) known particularly in the field of legal costs in England and Wales.

Judge Michael Cook passed the Solicitor Final Exam on the 31st July 1953

His Honour Judge Cook is more often cited as an author and commentator on costs rather than through a large volume of widely reported appellate judgments.

His Honour Judge Martin John Cook

Stringer v Copley (KT903476) on the 17th May 2002, is the most frequently cited judgment by HHJ Michael Cook in modern costs practice. Disbursements Decoded: The Breakdown Debate in Fixed Costs Litigation

Judge Cook’s holdings (widely quoted in later cases) was that Medical agency fees are recoverable between the parties provided it is demonstrated that their charges do not exceed the reasonable and proportionate cost of the work if done directly by solicitors.

Invoices/fee notes from medical agencies must distinguish between the medical expert’s fee and the agency’s own charges.

Judge Cook’s famous textbook Cook on Costs (now in updated editions dedicated to “the late Michael Cook”) frequently references his practical views, and later cases or articles quote him on topics like:

  • Sufficiency of particulars in solicitors’ bills (referenced in Ralph Hume Garry v Gwillim [2002] EWCA Civ 1500, where his views in Cook on Costs align with Cordery on Solicitors).

    In the latest edition of Cordery, written by His Hon. Judge Michael Cook, it is said that:−”A bill of costs must contain sufficient particulars to enable the client to judge the fairness of the charges.” Judge Cook says the same in his own work Cook on Costs.
  • Blackstock v Blackstock [1990] EWCA Civ J1129-9 before Lord Justice Slade and Lord Justice Butler-Sloss upheld Judge Cook’s reasoning and refusal of the ouster order.
  • Broader costs assessment principles, proportionality and remuneration.

Judge Michael Cook lived a long life in the law and passed away at the age of 93. Costs Judge Master Jennifer James wrote a tribute titled “A life in law well lived – His Honour Judge Michael Cook” in the Costs Lawyer Journal, reflecting on his contributions and the impact of his eponymous textbook.

Do Retired Judges Keep Their Title ?
Dodgy Judges
Can you Email a Judge ?

The High Court Judge that never was – His Honour Judge Melbourne Inman KC

Check out our articles on Rule of Law, Open Justice, Judges Salaries and Fees, Dodgy Judges, Do you Have to Bow to a Judge ?, Can you Email a Judge ?, Can you Criticise a Judge ?, Judicial Guidance on Artificial Intelligence and the highly dubious Sussex Family Justice Board.

The Ministry of Injustice is not the Ministry of Justice nor is it affiliated in any way with the justice system, legal profession, police or any other law enforcement agencies.

“Publicity is the very soul of justice. . . . It keeps the judge himself, while trying, under trial….Where there is no publicity there is no justice”

Jeremy Bentham – Mr Justice Cobb: ‘Justice must be seen to be done’

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There are a number of links to Free and Paid For Legal Resources and Legal Organisations on the Free Legal Advice , Legal Aid and Pro Bono pages.

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Government Law Legal Analysis Legal Professionals

The Pensions Increase (Pension Scheme for Keir Starmer QC) Regulations 2013

Sir Kier Starmer

In October 2013, the Treasury laid before Parliament a short statutory instrument, in relation to Sir Keir Starmer, that has since gained unexpected political attention.

Officially known as The Pensions Increase (Pension Scheme for Keir Starmer QC) Regulations 2013 (SI 2013/2588), the measure came into force on the 31st October 2013.

Despite its modest length of just three operative paragraphs, the Regulations addressed a specific technical issue arising from Keir Starmer KC’s departure as Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP).

Made – – – – 8th October 2013
Laid before Parliament 9th October 2013
Coming into force – – 31st October 2013

The Treasury, in exercise of the power conferred by section 5(2) of the Pensions (Increase) Act
1971(a) and now vested in them(b) hereby make the following Regulations:

Citation and commencement

  1. These Regulations may be cited as the Pensions Increase (Pension Scheme for Keir Starmer QC) Regulations 2013, and come into force on 31st October 2013.

    Interpretation
  2. (1) In these Regulations, “the 1971 Act” means the Pensions (Increase) Act 1971.
    (2) For the purposes of these Regulations the time when a pension “begins” is that stated in
    section 8(2) of the 1971 Act(c).

    Pensions to which the 1971 Act shall apply
  3. The 1971 Act shall have effect in relation to any pension payable under the Pension Scheme
    for Keir Starmer QC (being a scheme made under section 1 of the Superannuation Act 1972(d)),
    as if it were a pension specified in Part 1 of Schedule 2 to the 1971 Act.
The Pensions Increase (Pension Scheme for Keir Starmer QC) Regulations 2013

Background

Sir Keir Starmer, who is currently the UK Prime Minister, served as Director of Public Prosecutions from 2008 until 2013, leading the Crown Prosecution Service through a period of major reform.

As with other senior public appointments, his remuneration included a pension arranged under section 1 of the Superannuation Act 1972.

This was a bespoke pension scheme created specifically for the role of DPP, separate from the standard civil service pension arrangements. When Keir Starmer left office, a question arose regarding how his pension would be increased for inflation once it came into payment.

Purpose of The Pensions Increase (Pension Scheme for Keir Starmer QC) Regulations 2013

The 2013 Regulations were made under section 5(2) of the Pensions (Increase) Act 1971. They declared that the 1971 Act “shall have effect” in relation to any pension payable under Keir Starmer’s scheme “as if it were a pension specified in Part 1 of Schedule 2” to that Act.

In simple terms, this ensured that Kier Starmer’s DPP pension would receive the same annual up-rating for inflation as most other public-service pensions. Increases would therefore be linked to the Retail Prices Index (or its successor measures), thereby protecting the pension’s real value over time.

Key Provisions and Scrutiny

Signed by Treasury ministers Desmond Swayne and Stephen Crabb on the 8th October 2013, the instrument was laid before Parliament the next day.

An accompanying explanatory note emphasised its narrow scope, stating that it had “no impact upon the private or voluntary sectors”. A parliamentary joint committee scrutinising statutory instruments noted a minor drafting point concerning the definition of when a pension “begins”. However, the committee accepted the Treasury’s clarification and viewed the Regulations as largely technical in nature.

The underlying pension scheme was tax-unregistered, a common feature for certain high-level public posts at the time. The 2013 Regulations did not create or change this tax status; they simply applied standard indexation rules.

Later Controversy

For nearly a decade, the Regulations attracted little public interest. They resurfaced in March 2023 during debates over the abolition of the lifetime allowance. Some critics portrayed the measure as a “special law” granting Kier Starmer, by then Leader of the Opposition, a personal tax advantage.

Supporters argued that the arrangement was standard practice for the DPP post and that the Regulations merely aligned indexation with other comparable public-sector schemes. Keir Starmer has described the pension as the normal entitlement for the office he held.

Labour leader Sir Keir Starmer has been accused of hypocrisy by Conservatives over a tax exempt pension deal he has from a previous job.

Sir Keir criticised measures in the Budget which scrapped the £1m cap on lifetime pensions savings.

The Telegraph reported that Sir Keir got a special “tax unregistered” pension scheme when he stood down as Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) in 2013.

Labour says it was standard practice for retiring DPPs to get such a deal.

But senior Conservative MP Sir Iain Duncan Smith told The Telegraph it made a “mockery” of Labour’s position on the lifetime pension allowance, and was as “close to hypocrisy as it is possible to get”.

Sir Keir Starmer criticised over tax free pension scheme

Image of The Rt Hon Sir Keir Starmer KCB KC MP – xAI – Grok

Check out our related articles on Statutory Instruments, Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP), Rule of Law, Crown Prosecution Service, Open Justice, What is Law, Is the Law Black and White ?, Branches of Law, Bullying, Harassment and Discrimination at the Bar, The Secret Barrister, Barristers, Direct Access Barrister, Barristers Behaving Badly, Inns of Court, Council of the Inns of Court, Bar Standards Board, Bar Tribunal and Adjudication Services, Bar Council, Innocent until Proven Guilty and the highly questionable Sussex Family Justice Board.

The Ministry of Injustice is not the Ministry of Justice nor is it affiliated in any way with the justice system, legal profession, police or any other law enforcement agencies.

“Publicity is the very soul of justice. . . . It keeps the judge himself, while trying, under trial….Where there is no publicity there is no justice”

Jeremy Bentham – Mr Justice Cobb: ‘Justice must be seen to be done’

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You should always seek formal legal advice from a qualified and reputable lawyer (solicitor or barrister).

There are a number of links to Free and Paid For Legal Resources and Legal Organisations on the Free Legal Advice , Legal Aid and Pro Bono pages.

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Criminal Justice Government Law Legal Analysis Legal Professionals

Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP)

Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP)

The Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) is the head of the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS). The Director of Public Prosecutions is responsible for the independent prosecution of criminal cases investigated by the police and other agencies.

This role ensures that decisions to prosecute are taken fairly, free from political interference and guided solely by the evidence and the public interest. Established over a century ago, the office has evolved into one of the most influential positions in British law, overseeing hundreds of thousands of cases each year.

Thank you for contacting the Private Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions and the Chief Operating Officer, at the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS). Your email has been received.

The Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) email is [email protected]

Historical Background

The office dates back to the Prosecution of Offences Act 1879, which created the DPP to advise police and handle serious cases. The first holder, Sir John Maule QC, assumed the post in 1880 but operated with limited powers.

After a brief merger with the Treasury Solicitor in 1884, the role regained full independence under the Prosecution of Offences Act 1908. Significant modernisation occurred between 1944 and 1964 under Sir Theobald Mathew QC, who updated regulations, introduced new technology, and expanded staff numbers.

The pivotal moment came in 1986 with the launch of the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) under the Prosecution of Offences Act 1985. This transformed the DPP from leading a small department into the chief executive of a national prosecution service.

Role and Responsibilities

The Director of Public Prosecutions is the third most senior public prosecutor, ranking below the Attorney General and Solicitor General. The holder bears personal responsibility for approximately 7,000 CPS staff and around 800,000 prosecutions annually.

Key duties include applying the Full Code Test to decide whether cases should proceed, advising police during investigations, setting charges in complex matters, and issuing legal guidance and policies. The DPP also presents cases in court where necessary and supports victims and witnesses. Crucially, the role demands strict independence; prosecutorial decisions cannot be directed by government.

The DPP reports to the Attorney General, who accounts for the CPS in Parliament, but day-to-day operations remain free from ministerial control.

The Code for Crown Prosecutors (the Code) is issued by the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) under section 10 of the Prosecution of Offences Act 1985. This is the eighth edition of the Code and replaces all earlier versions and was published on the 26th October 2018. Almost 8 years without an update is quite a long time.

Appointment and Current Leadership

The DPP is appointed by the Attorney General for an initial five-year term following an open competition overseen by the Civil Service Commission. The process emphasises integrity, legal expertise, and leadership.

The current Director of Public Prosecutions is Stephen Parkinson, who took office on the 1st November 2023. A University College London law graduate, Parkinson qualified as a barrister in 1980 and later as a solicitor in 2005.

He began as a junior prosecutor in 1984, rose through CPS ranks, and held senior government posts, including Deputy Head of the Attorney General’s Office. For two decades he practised as a defence solicitor at Kingsley Napley, becoming Senior Partner in 2018. His unique experience on both sides of the courtroom equips him to lead the service effectively.

Stephen Parkinson has been announced as the new Director of Public Prosecutions and head of the Crown Prosecution Service. It is expected that he will take up the appointment in November 2023 for an initial term of five years. He will succeed the outgoing DPP, Max Hill KC.

Chair of the Bar Council, Nick Vineall KC, said: “The Bar Council would like to congratulate and welcome Stephen Parkinson as the new Director of Public Prosecutions and head of the Crown Prosecution Service.  Mr Parkinson practised as a barrister for over 20 years and then qualified as a solicitor and has had a distinguished career in both the public and the private sectors. We very much look forward to meeting and engaging with the new DPP on areas of mutual concern, at a time when the criminal justice sector is under unprecedented pressure, and Crown Court backlogs are at record levels.

“The Bar Council would also like to record its sincere thanks to the outgoing DPP, Max Hill KC, who steered the CPS through the Covid crisis and has always sought to ensure that remuneration for those involved in prosecuting on behalf of the CPS was on a par with criminal defence fees.” 

New DPP Stephen Parkinson announced – Bar Council comment

Stephen Parkinson Legal Experience

Challenges and Future Outlook

Today’s DPP operates under intense pressure. Backlogs, rising caseloads, and high-profile events such as civil disturbances test resources and impartiality.

Maintaining public trust while improving efficiency, supporting victims more effectively, and embracing digital transformation are key priorities. DPP Stephen Parkinson has emphasised collaborative working across the criminal justice system to reduce delays and deliver fair outcomes.

Charlies Prosecution Service (CPS)
Coming Soon at https://cpsgov.uk – Charlie’s Prosecution Service

Image of Stephen Parkinson : PA

Check out our related articles on the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS), Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) Complaints and Feedback, HM Crown Prosecution Service Inspectorate (HMCPSI), Rule of Law, Open Justice, Victims’ Right to Review (VRR), Is the Law Black and White ?, Abuse of Process, What Does Lady Justice Symbolise ?, McKenzie Friend, Can a Judge Direct a Jury to Find a Defendant Not Guilty ?,Law Society, Law Commission, McKenzie Friend Right of Audience, Solicitors, Solicitors Regulation Authority, Barristers, Bar Council of England and Wales, Bar Standards Board, Contra Mundum, R v Sussex Justices, Police Impartiality and the highly questionable Sussex Family Justice Board.

The Ministry of Injustice is not the Ministry of Justice nor is it affiliated in any way with the justice system, legal profession, police or any other law enforcement agencies.

“Publicity is the very soul of justice. . . . It keeps the judge himself, while trying, under trial….Where there is no publicity there is no justice”

Jeremy Bentham – Mr Justice Cobb: ‘Justice must be seen to be done’

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You should always seek formal legal advice from a qualified and reputable lawyer (solicitor or barrister).

There are a number of links to Free and Paid For Legal Resources and Legal Organisations on the Free Legal Advice , Legal Aid and Pro Bono pages.

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Civil Justice Criminal Justice Judiciary Law Legal Professionals

United Kingdom Supreme Court Judicial Assistant Recruitment 2026

Supreme Court of the United Kingdom Judicial Assistant

The UK Supreme Court is currently recruiting Judicial Assistants for the 2026/27 legal year, offering a prestigious and intellectually demanding opportunity for talented lawyers and legal researchers.

UK Supreme Court – Judicial Assistant Recruitment 202627 – Job Description – Final.pdf

Up to 11 positions are available, providing successful candidates with unparalleled close-quarters experience supporting the Justices of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom and the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC).

Judicial Assistants online information event 2026-27

A Unique Role at the Apex of the UK Legal System

The Supreme Court hears cases of the greatest public or constitutional importance affecting the whole population andJudicial Assistants play a vital part in the Court’s day-to-day operations.

Assigned typically to one or more Justices, they engage in high-level legal work that directly contributes to some of the most significant cases in the country.

Core responsibilities include:

  • Undertaking detailed legal research on appeals and applications for permission to appeal.
  • Drafting bench memoranda that summarise applications for permission to appeal.
  • Attending appeal hearings and participating in discussions with the Justices.
  • Preparing plain English press summaries of judgments, which are published on the Court’s website.
  • Responding to enquiries from international judicial networks and comparative law bodies.
  • Providing general assistance to Justices, including support for extra-judicial activities such as speeches, articles, and publications.

Beyond supporting individual Justices, Judicial Assistants contribute to the broader work of the Court. This can involve helping the Registrar with permission applications and appeals, as well as participating in the Court’s educational and outreach programmes.

The role is fixed-term, running from Monday 14 September 2026 to Friday 30 July 2027. It is based at the iconic Middlesex Guildhall building in Parliament Square, London.

Who Should Apply?

The Supreme Court welcomes applications from a diverse range of backgrounds. Whilst many past Judicial Assistants have been qualified solicitors, barristers, or advocates with some practical experience, the Court emphasises that the most important quality is exceptional intellectual ability.

Applications are actively encouraged from candidates who may not yet be qualified to practise but who possess outstanding academic knowledge of the UK legal system and advanced legal research skills.

Competition remains fierce, and all applicants must meet the essential criteria set out in the official Job Description.

A fundamental requirement is that candidates must have the right to work in the UK; the Court does not sponsor visas or work permits.

The full Job Description, which details the person specification and essential criteria, is available to download from the recruitment page.

Why Consider This Opportunity?

Working as a Judicial Assistant at the Supreme Court offers a rare window into the highest level of judicial decision-making in the United Kingdom. It provides:

  • Direct exposure to landmark cases and the reasoning of the country’s most senior judges.
  • The chance to hone advanced legal research, analysis, and writing skills in a demanding yet supportive environment.
  • Valuable insight that is highly regarded by future employers.
Being a Judicial Assistant – 2026

Alumni of the scheme have gone on to enjoy successful careers at the Bar, in leading City law firms, in academia, within the Government Legal Department, and in policy roles across the public and private sectors.For further insight, the Court recommends listening to podcasts featuring current or former Judicial Assistants, which offer behind-the-scenes perspectives on life at the Court.

How to Apply

Applications for the 2026/27 legal year are open now. Interested candidates should visit the dedicated Judicial Assistant recruitment page.

To apply:

  • Review the Job Description carefully to confirm eligibility.
  • Complete the online application form via the “Apply Now” link.

The closing date is midnight on Thursday 26th February 2026. Late applications will not be considered.

Interviews are expected to take place in person at the Court during the week commencing 20th April 2026.

The Court also hosts a free online information event for the 2026/27 recruitment round; registration details are available on the recruitment page.

For any queries, contact the recruitment team at [email protected]

Check out our related articles on Rule of Law, Open Justice, Do you Have to Bow to a Judge ?, Can you Email a Judge ?, Can you Criticise a Judge ?, What is Law, Is the Law Black and White ?, Branches of Law, Bullying, Harassment and Discrimination at the Bar, The Secret Barrister, Barristers, Direct Access Barrister, Barristers Behaving Badly, Inns of Court, Council of the Inns of Court, Bar Standards Board, Bar Tribunal and Adjudication Services, Bar Council, Innocent until Proven Guilty and the highly questionable Sussex Family Justice Board.

The Ministry of Injustice is not the Ministry of Justice nor is it affiliated in any way with the justice system, legal profession, police or any other law enforcement agencies.

“Publicity is the very soul of justice. . . . It keeps the judge himself, while trying, under trial….Where there is no publicity there is no justice”

Jeremy Bentham – Mr Justice Cobb: ‘Justice must be seen to be done’

Latest Articles ↓

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You should always seek formal legal advice from a qualified and reputable lawyer (solicitor or barrister).

There are a number of links to Free and Paid For Legal Resources and Legal Organisations on the Free Legal Advice , Legal Aid and Pro Bono pages.

Categories
Criminal Justice Judiciary Legal Professionals

His Honour Judge Amjad Nawaz

His Honour Judge Nawaz

Judge Amjad Nawaz, known as His Honour Judge Amjad Nawaz, is a long-serving Circuit Judge of England and Wales who is assigned to the South East Circuit.

Judge Nawaz was appointed to the Circuit bench on October 24th 2008 (with the formal announcement made by HM The Queen on the advice of the Lord Chancellor).

Detailed public records on Judge Nawaz’s pre-appointment professional background (such as whether he practiced as a barrister or solicitor, chambers affiliation, year of call to the Bar, or areas of specialization) are limited.

Unlike some judges whose biographies appear on chambers websites, judicial profiles, or in appointment announcements with full career histories, Judge Nawaz’s pre-bench career is not extensively documented in open sources.

Beyond his core judicial duties in England and Wales, Judge Nawaz has undertaken additional roles that reflect his engagement in international judicial matters.

Judge Nawaz has been appointed as a Senior Judge of the Senior Judges’ Court in the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia (British Overseas Territories in Cyprus).

HHJ Nawaz has also participated in judicial exchanges and collaborations. In 2023, he joined discussions and visits (often alongside Her Honour Judge Azmat Nisa) to Nigeria, invited for talks on judicial case management, digitalization of court processes, paperless trials, and exchange programs.

Similar engagements have included visits to the UAE to discuss judicial decision-making, international arbitration, and legal traditions.

His Honour Judge Amjad Nawaz was appointed as the Resident Judge at Reading Crown Court for a period of four years commencing 20 April 2026.

HHJ Nawaz is shown on the List of Circuit Judges published on the Courts and Tribunal Judiciary website.

His Honour Judge NawazSouth East24-10-2008
List of Circuit Judges
Judge Amjad Nawaz

Judge Nawaz Legal Controversy – Chaudhry Zaman spared jail for sexually assaulting 12 year old girl

In February 2026, a sentencing decision by His Honour Judge Amjad Nawaz at Reading Crown Court sparked widespread public outrage and debate over judicial leniency, cultural biases and the protection of child victims in the UK justice system.

Migrant, 70, told 12-year-old girl to ‘cover her head’ during sexual assault – Telegraph

Migrant, 70, who told girl, 12, to ‘cover her head’ before sexually assaulting her on way home from school is spared jail – Daily Mail

The case involved 70-year-old Chaudhry Zaman, a migrant living in Berkshire, who was convicted of sexually assaulting a 12-year-old girl in Slough. What began as a straightforward criminal proceeding quickly escalated into a broader controversy, fuelled by media coverage, social media backlash, and accusations of favouritism.

On the 2nd February 2026 Judge Nawaz handed down a nine-month prison sentence, suspended for 18 months. Additional penalties included 80 hours of unpaid community work, a five-year restraining order barring Zaman from approaching within 200 meters of the girl’s school, and a 10-year registration on the sex offenders’ register.

In his remarks, Judge Nawaz acknowledged the victim’s suffering, stating: “The victim has lost her self-esteem, lost her confidence and lost her friends and that is all down to your actions… That has caused a breakup of friendships which she regrets.”

Judge Nawaz also addressed Zaman directly about the CCTV evidence and the girl’s account of the forced hand-holding and kiss.

Judge Amjad Nawaz justified the suspended sentence by agreeing with the pre-sentence report that Zaman’s risk could be “managed in the community,” considering his age, remorse (despite denying guilt) and assurances it would “never happen again.”

It has prompted calls for reviews of sentencing guidelines for child sexual assaults, particularly when offenders cite age or cultural factors. Supporters of the decision point to the pre-sentence report and overcrowding in UK prisons as practical considerations, but detractors see it as prioritizing the perpetrator over the victim.

This controversy highlights ongoing tensions in the UK over immigration, cultural integration and judicial accountability. While some view the outrage as racially tinged, others insist it’s about ensuring justice for vulnerable children. The debate continues online, with thousands of views and shares amplifying demands for stricter penalties in similar cases.

Authorisation to sit as a High Court Judge

HHJ Nawaz may be authorised to sit as a High Court Judge by s9(1) of the Senior Courts Act as amended by the Crime and Courts Act 2013.

According to CRIMINAL PRACTICE DIRECTIONS 2015 DIVISION XII His Honour Judge Nawaz should be addressed as “My Lord” in court.

Modes of Address B.1 – The following judges, when sitting in court, should be addressed as ‘My Lord’ or ‘My Lady’

(b) any Circuit Judge sitting as a judge of the Court of Appeal (Criminal Division) or the High Court under section 9(1) of the Senior Courts Act 1981;
(d) any Senior Circuit Judge who is an Honorary Recorder.

Description B.3 – In cause lists, forms and orders members of the judiciary should be described as follows:

(a) Circuit Judges, as ‘His [or Her] Honour Judge A’. When the judge is sitting as a judge of the High Court under section 9(1) of the Senior Courts Act 1981, the words ‘sitting as a judge of the High Court’ should be added;

The three key values which are central to the role of judicial office holders (JOHs) in England and Wales are:
• Independence
• Impartiality
• Integrity

“Publicity is the very soul of justice. . . . It keeps the judge himself, while trying, under trial….Where there is no publicity there is no justice”

Jeremy Bentham – Mr Justice Cobb: ‘Justice must be seen to be done’

Image of HHJ Nawaz : @BasilTheGreat

The High Court Judge that never was – His Honour Judge Melbourne Inman KC

Check out our articles on Rule of Law, Open Justice, Judges Salaries and Fees, Dodgy Judges, Mr Justice Williams, His Honour Now His Dishonour, His Honour Judge Stuart Farquhar, Do you Have to Bow to a Judge ?, Can you Email a Judge ?, Can you Criticise a Judge ? and the highly dubious Sussex Family Justice Board.

The Ministry of Injustice is not the Ministry of Justice nor is it affiliated in any way with the justice system, legal profession, police or any other law enforcement agencies.

“Publicity is the very soul of justice. . . . It keeps the judge himself, while trying, under trial….Where there is no publicity there is no justice”

Jeremy Bentham – Mr Justice Cobb: ‘Justice must be seen to be done’

Latest Articles ↓

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You should always seek formal legal advice from a qualified and reputable lawyer (solicitor or barrister).

There are a number of links to Free and Paid For Legal Resources and Legal Organisations on the Free Legal Advice , Legal Aid and Pro Bono pages.

Categories
Legal Professionals

What is the Cab Rank Rule for Barristers ?

Cab Rank Rule - Barrister of England and Wales

The cab rank rule constitutes a fundamental ethical obligation for barristers practising in England and Wales and is enshrined in the Bar Standards Board (BSB) Handbook at rule rC29.

Pursuant to rC29, where a self-employed barrister (or, in specified circumstances, an authorised individual within a BSB entity or a BSB entity itself) receives instructions from a professional client such as a solicitor and those instructions are appropriate having regard to the barrister’s experience, seniority, and field of practice, the barrister must accept them.

This obligation applies irrespective of:

  • the identity of the client;
  • the nature of the case;
  • any personal beliefs the barrister may hold concerning the client’s character, reputation, motives, cause, conduct, guilt, or innocence; or
  • any disapproval of the client’s political, moral, social, or other views or causes.

The rule serves to promote access to justice, uphold the rule of law, safeguard barrister independence, and prevent discrimination in the acceptance of professional instructions.

It ensures that representation is available even in controversial, unpopular, or morally challenging matters. The principle is commonly analogised to a taxi at a cab rank, which must accept the next passenger regardless of their identity or destination (subject to reasonable limitations).

The obligation applies principally to self-employed barristers instructed via professional clients. It does not extend in the same manner to direct public access instructions, to solicitors, or to employed barristers outside independent practice.

Rule rC29 is expressly made subject to the exceptions in rC30. These include circumstances where for example:

  • the barrister is required to refuse the instructions under rule rC21 (rC30.1); or
  • acceptance would necessitate working outside ordinary hours, cancelling existing commitments, exceeding available professional indemnity insurance limits, or involve other specified grounds (such as foreign work in certain cases or refusal of standard contractual terms).
  • you are a King’s Counsel, and the acceptance of the instructions would require you to act without a junior in circumstances where you reasonably consider that the interests of the client require that a junior should also be instructed;

Rule rC21 mandates refusal (or, if already accepted, cessation and return) of instructions in various situations, including where:

  • the work would require action contrary to law or the Handbook;
  • the barrister lacks requisite authorisation, competence, or experience (including in relation to vulnerable clients);
  • there is insufficient time to prepare adequately (subject to limited exceptions for urgent matters);
  • a conflict of interest exists;
  • the barrister’s independence would be compromised (rC21.10, linked to Core Duty CD4); or
  • other specified professional obligations would be breached.

Cab Rank Application to Pro Bono Work

The cab rank rule does not require barristers to accept pro bono (unpaid) instructions.

In the article Barrister Starmer led ‘witch-hunt’ against Iraq veterans, Sir Keir Starmer KC chose to work for free (pro bono) alongside the now Attorney General Lord Hermer and the now disgraced solicitor Phil Shiner on a human rights claim in 2007 that reshaped the law governing troops in war zones.

While the current BSB Handbook does not contain an explicit standalone exception for inadequate remuneration, established BSB guidance and interpretations—rooted in prior provisions of the Code of Conduct (e.g., paragraphs 603–606)—confirm that barristers are not obliged to accept instructions where no proper professional fee is offered or where remuneration is inadequate, including unpaid pro bono work.

The rule is predicated on professional (remunerated) practice and is designed to secure representation in paid cases—particularly those involving controversial clients or causes where funding is available but barristers might otherwise decline due to personal views. It does not impose a duty to provide gratuitous services.

Barristers are encouraged to undertake pro bono work voluntarily, and many do so through established schemes such as Advocate (the Bar Pro Bono Unit), which facilitates substantial pro bono assistance annually. Such contributions reflect professional ethos, charitable commitment, and public service, but they remain discretionary rather than mandatory under the cab rank principle.

In conclusion, the cab rank rule compels acceptance of appropriate paid instructions from professional clients irrespective of personal views, subject to the exceptions in rC30 (including those arising under rC21). It remains a vital safeguard of access to justice and barrister independence, while explicitly not extending to compel unpaid or inadequately remunerated engagements.

Read the reviews of Junior Sussex Barrister Gavin Howe and Legal 500 Junior Barrister Eleanor Battie.

Check out our related articles on Rule of Law, Open Justice, What is Law, Is the Law Black and White ?, Branches of Law, Bullying, Harassment and Discrimination at the Bar, Blackbelt Barrister, The Secret Barrister, Barristers, Direct Access Barrister, Professional Ethics Exam for Barristers, Barristers Behaving Badly, Inns of Court, Council of the Inns of Court, Bar Standards Board, Bar Tribunal and Adjudication Services, Bar Council, Innocent until Proven Guilty and the highly questionable Sussex Family Justice Board.

The Ministry of Injustice is not the Ministry of Justice nor is it affiliated in any way with the justice system, legal profession, police or any other law enforcement agencies.

“Publicity is the very soul of justice. . . . It keeps the judge himself, while trying, under trial….Where there is no publicity there is no justice”

Jeremy Bentham – Mr Justice Cobb: ‘Justice must be seen to be done’

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Criminal Justice Judiciary Legal Professionals

Her Honour Judge Nirmal Shant KC

Her Honour Judge Nirmal Shant KC

Judge Nirmal Shant, known as Her Honour Judge Nirmal Shant KC, is a Senior Circuit Judge and Resident Judge based at Nottingham Crown Court

Interview with Her Honour Judge Nirmal Shant

The Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales, the Right Honourable The Lord Burnett of Maldon has appointed Her Honour Judge Nirmal Shant QC to be a Senior Circuit Judge, Resident Judge based at Nottingham Crown Court, with effect from 1 September 2022.

Senior Circuit Judge, Resident Judge Appointment: Nirmal Shant KC

HHJ Shant is shown on the List of Circuit Judges published on the Courts and Tribunal Judiciary website.

Her Honour Judge Shant KCMidlands30-03-2015
List of Circuit Judges

HHJ Shant is shown on the Resident Judges list published on the Courts and Tribunal Judiciary website.

CircuitCourtJudgesDate of appointment
 MidlandNottingham Crown CourtHHJ Nirmal Shant KC01-09-22
Resident Judges

Her Honour Judge Shant KC Bio

Born in India, Her Honour Judge Shant migrated to the United Kingdom at the age of two with her family. The family later returned to India for much of her early childhood before settling permanently in the UK when she was 11.

Read the article on the website Sikhs in Law entitled Spirituality and Success: Judge Shant KC

Despite facing limited expectations at school, where a careers advisor once suggested she apply for a job at Woolworths rather than pursue law, she remained determined.

In 1979, she enrolled to study law at the University of Leicester, graduating and being called to the Bar in 1984.

Judge Shant began her career as a junior criminal barrister, building a strong practice in the East Midlands and beyond. She secured tenancy at the respected 1 High Pavement Chambers in Nottingham, where she prosecuted and defended cases in Crown Courts for over three decades.

Her expertise in criminal law, including fraud, led to her appointment as Queen’s Counsel in 2006 (some sources note 2007 or 2008), making her one of the first women to take silk in the Midlands and among the early black and minority ethnic barristers to achieve this prestigious rank in the region.

In 2001, she was appointed a Recorder, marking her entry into the judiciary. She became one of the first Asian Recorders in the area. In 2015, she was appointed a full Circuit Judge by the Judicial Appointments Commission and assigned to Derby Crown Court.

The following year, in 2016, she was promoted to Resident Judge at Derby Crown Court, a leadership position where she not only presided over serious criminal cases but also managed court administration, case listing, and the welfare of staff and fellow judges. She served as the first female Honorary Recorder of Derby.

Her Honour Judge Nirmal Shant KC was awarded Honorary Doctor of the University (HonDUniv) in July 2022 by the University of Derby in recognition of her outstanding contribution to promoting justice within Derby and Derbyshire, and her support for Derby Law School.

In August 2022, the Lord Chief Justice appointed her as a Senior Circuit Judge and Resident Judge at Nottingham Crown Court, effective from 1st September 2022. She also assumed the role of Honorary Recorder of Nottingham, the highest judicial position in the city and county.

Legal Controversy – The Sheraz Malik Rape Case Reporting Restriction

In late 2025 and early 2026, HHJ Shant attracted media attention and criticism in connection with her handling of a pre-trial hearing in the case of Sheraz Malik, a 28-year-old Pakistani national charged with raping an 18-year-old woman in Sutton Lawn park, Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire, on 29 June 2025.

At a hearing in September 2025 at Nottingham Crown Court, Judge Shant imposed a reporting restriction under the Contempt of Court Act 1981, postponing publication of Malik’s immigration status as an asylum seeker until the conclusion of his trial. She cited a “substantial risk of prejudice to the administration of justice” if the information were made public prematurely, in line with standard judicial guidance designed to protect jury impartiality by limiting exposure to potentially inflammatory or irrelevant details.

The trial venue was also moved from Nottingham to Birmingham Crown Court after social media comments by Reform UK MP Lee Anderson (MP for Ashfield) risked prejudicing local jurors; Judge Shant wrote to the MP requesting removal of the posts to safeguard a fair trial.

Malik was convicted on 26th January 2026 at Birmingham Crown Court of two counts of rape (unanimous verdicts) and acquitted on a third.

The restriction was lifted post-verdict, allowing media to report that Malik was an asylum seeker born in Pakistan who had previously lived in Italy, Germany, and France before arriving in the UK.

The decision drew criticism from some quarters, including MP Anderson and outlets such as The Sun, Daily Mail, and GB News, who argued it limited public transparency and that the information should have been available earlier. Critics portrayed it as a “gagging order” that concealed relevant context, particularly given the offence’s location in Anderson’s constituency and broader debates on immigration and crime.

However, the ruling aligned with established UK legal principles prioritising fair trial rights over immediate public disclosure of non-essential facts. No appeal, formal complaint, or disciplinary action against Judge Shant arose from the case, and mainstream coverage (e.g., BBC, Nottingham Post) presented it as a procedural measure rather than misconduct.

Public and media reactions reflected wider societal divisions on such issues, but nothing indicates systemic criticism of her judicial conduct.

JUDGE SHANT KC STOPPED JURY AND PUBLIC FROM LEARNING THAT RAPIST WAS ILLEGAL MIGRANT

Authorisation to sit as a High Court Judge

HHJ Shan KC may be authorised to sit as a High Court Judge by s9(1) of the Senior Courts Act as amended by the Crime and Courts Act 2013.

According to CRIMINAL PRACTICE DIRECTIONS 2015 DIVISION XII Her Honour Judge Shant should be addressed as “My Lady” in court.

Modes of Address B.1 – The following judges, when sitting in court, should be addressed as ‘My Lord’ or ‘My Lady’

(b) any Circuit Judge sitting as a judge of the Court of Appeal (Criminal Division) or the High Court under section 9(1) of the Senior Courts Act 1981;
(d) any Senior Circuit Judge who is an Honorary Recorder.

Description B.3 – In cause lists, forms and orders members of the judiciary should be described as follows:

(a) Circuit Judges, as ‘His [or Her] Honour Judge A’. When the judge is sitting as a judge of the High Court under section 9(1) of the Senior Courts Act 1981, the words ‘sitting as a judge of the High Court’ should be added;

The three key values which are central to the role of judicial office holders (JOHs) in England and Wales are:
• Independence
• Impartiality
• Integrity

“Publicity is the very soul of justice. . . . It keeps the judge himself, while trying, under trial….Where there is no publicity there is no justice”

Jeremy Bentham – Mr Justice Cobb: ‘Justice must be seen to be done’

Image of HHJ Shant KC : Nottinghamshire Live

The High Court Judge that never was – His Honour Judge Melbourne Inman KC

Check out our articles on Rule of Law, Open Justice, Judges Salaries and Fees, Dodgy Judges, Mr Justice Williams, His Honour Now His Dishonour, His Honour Judge Stuart Farquhar, Do you Have to Bow to a Judge ?, Can you Email a Judge ?, Can you Criticise a Judge ? and the highly dubious Sussex Family Justice Board.

The Ministry of Injustice is not the Ministry of Justice nor is it affiliated in any way with the justice system, legal profession, police or any other law enforcement agencies.

“Publicity is the very soul of justice. . . . It keeps the judge himself, while trying, under trial….Where there is no publicity there is no justice”

Jeremy Bentham – Mr Justice Cobb: ‘Justice must be seen to be done’

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You should always seek formal legal advice from a qualified and reputable lawyer (solicitor or barrister).

There are a number of links to Free and Paid For Legal Resources and Legal Organisations on the Free Legal Advice , Legal Aid and Pro Bono pages.

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Legal Professionals

Professional Ethics Exam for Barristers

Professional Ethics Exam for Barristers

The journey to becoming a barrister in England and Wales involves rigorous training, with professional ethics forming a cornerstone of the profession.

In England and Wales, barristers are regulated professionals bound by strict ethical standards outlined in version 5.0 of the Bar Standards Board (BSB) Handbook.

As part of reforms to Bar training introduced by the Bar Standards Board (BSB), the assessment of professional ethics has been divided between the vocational component and the pupillage or work-based learning stage.

This ensures that aspiring barristers develop a robust understanding of ethical principles at different points in their training.

During the vocational component, Authorised Education and Training Organisations provide tuition and assessment in professional ethics to a foundation level as part of the Bar Training course.

For more details on this stage, see the Vocational Component.

In contrast, the pupillage stage focuses on assessing specified learning outcomes at the standard expected of barristers on their first day of practice, as outlined in the Professional Statement.

Following a transition period, passing the Professional Ethics assessment during pupillage is now mandatory for all pupils, unless they have been granted a specific exemption by the BSB.

Graduates of the Bar Professional Training Course (BPTC) who commenced pupillage before 1st May 2024 remain exempt from this requirement.

Transferring qualified lawyers undertaking pupillage or work-based learning may also need to complete the assessment, with the default assumption being that they must sit the exam unless an exemption is authorised. For exemption queries, individuals should contact the BSB’s Authorisations team.

Format of the Assessment

The Professional Ethics assessment is an open-book examination centrally set and marked by the BSB. It consists of twelve short-answer questions, each equally weighted, and requires responses in narrative prose. These questions present scenarios drawn from professional practice, where candidates must identify ethical issues, apply relevant principles, critically analyse the situation, and propose appropriate resolutions. No specialist knowledge of particular areas of law is needed, as the ethical principles are applicable across various fields, such as criminal or civil practice.

Candidates are expected to draw on the provisions of the BSB Handbook, associated guidance, and other syllabus materials to provide comprehensive analyses supported by sound reasoning. The exam lasts three hours, during which candidates manage their own time allocation.

The only permitted material is the BSB Handbook, accessible electronically during the test. At test centres, it is available online but not downloadable, with search functionality limited to the Handbook’s own tool and no keyboard shortcuts for copying and pasting.

For remote online invigilation, a downloadable PDF version is provided, allowing full search capabilities and keyboard shortcuts.

A side-by-side view of the exam and Handbook is possible on screens with a minimum resolution of 1920×1080 pixels, which all test centre screens support. Paper copies of the Handbook can be requested as a reasonable adjustment. There is no prescribed programme of study prior to the exam, but a practice assessment is available for developmental purposes, along with a downloadable syllabus.

Practice assessments can be accessed via the Surpass platform, where candidates can attempt them unlimited times. Responses are not saved or marked automatically, but can be copied for self-evaluation against provided mark schemes. It is recommended to trial the practice exam to familiarise oneself with the computer-based format, regardless of whether the actual exam is taken at a centre or remotely.

Key Documents and Resources

Several essential documents are available to support candidates in understanding and preparing for the assessment.

The Exam Requirements outline the rules, replacing previous versions and linking to the Exams Misconduct Policy. The 2026 Syllabus and its version with tracked changes provide detailed learning outcomes.

An Approach Paper from April 2020 explains the new assessment methodology, while the Ethics Assessment Guidance further details the expected outcomes. Exam-specific resources include Candidate Instructions and mark schemes for practice papers: Paper 1 Mark Scheme and Paper 2 Mark Scheme.

For transparency, the Professional Ethics Chair’s Report Part 1 and Part 2 for July 2025 offer insights into the exam process. Additional policies cover Adjustments and Other Arrangements, Extenuating Circumstances, Feedback and Candidate Review Regulations.

The Bar Qualification Manual details pupil supervisor duties, and Pupil Supervisor Training Outcomes are also available. For historical context, see Sample Questions and Mark Scheme from the previous BPTC, the New Mark Scheme and further Assessment Guidance.

Exam Sittings and Dates

The Professional Ethics assessment is offered three times annually, typically in early January, late April, and late July.

For 2026, the January sitting includes deadlines for adjustments applications on 17th November 2025, exam booking from 25th November to 9th December 2025, the exam on Tuesday 13th January at 10am, and results by the end of Thursday 12th March 2026.

April 2026 features booking from 3rd March to 17th March, the exam on 28th April at 10am, with results to be confirmed.

The July sitting is on 28th July at 10am, with booking and results dates also to be confirmed.

There is no requirement to take the exam during the first six months of pupillage (the non-practising period), but candidates must have completed at least three months of pupillage beforehand to benefit from discussions with supervisors and colleagues on real-life ethical scenarios.

TQLs with reduced pupillage periods are exempt from this three-month rule. The exam is delivered online, with options for remote proctoring or attending a test centre in the UK (and potentially overseas).

Fees and Costs

The first and second attempts at the Professional Ethics assessment are covered by the practising certificate fee, incurring no additional cost to the candidate. However, any subsequent resits cost £832.

It is advisable to include agreements on who bears the cost of resits, whether chambers, the employer or the pupil, in the written pupillage agreement. Funding for further attempts is at the discretion of chambers or employers.

Preparation and Support

No mandatory preparatory course is required, and the BSB does not develop or endorse any specific materials from third parties. Candidates are encouraged to familiarise themselves with the syllabus and guidance documents. Recommended resources include the ICCA Pupillage Ethics Materials, available for £150 (or £75 for ICCA alumni) with 12 months’ access and training from the Northern Circuit.

Pupil supervisors play a key role in providing a suitable training programme to meet the competences in the Professional Statement. They should support pupils in engaging actively with exam preparation, including guidance on registration, booking, adjustments, and results. Supervisors do not need to be ethics experts in specific practice areas, as the issues are general.

Pupillage plans can be adjusted if needed, and supervisors should refer to the Bar Qualification Manual for their responsibilities.

If significant time has passed since completing Bar training, candidates should re-familiarise themselves with relevant ethical areas. Taking the assessment closer to authorisation to practise is considered good practice.

There is no mandated time off for study, as preparation materials are designed for self-study, but arrangements should be discussed with the pupil.

Passing the Assessment and Results

The assessment is competency-based, with candidates needing to demonstrate the skills and knowledge expected in the Professional Statement.

To pass, a candidate typically requires at least eight satisfactory answers out of twelve, with borderline cases reviewed holistically. Receiving three or more ‘Unacceptable’ ratings on sub-parts results in a ‘Not Competent’ outcome, and blank answers count as ‘Unacceptable’. There is no fixed pass rate; success depends on meeting the required standard.

For comparison, the previous BPTC ethics exam had a pass rate of around 70%, but the pupillage assessment is open-book with more time allocated, and candidates have already passed vocational training and been selected for pupillage.

Passing is essential for sign-off from pupillage; failure by the end may require an extension, with funding decisions made by chambers or employers as per the pupillage agreement. Results are uploaded to the MyBar portal.

Read the reviews of Junior Sussex Barrister Gavin Howe and Legal 500 Junior Barrister Eleanor Battie.

Check out our related articles on Rule of Law, Open Justice, What is Law, Is the Law Black and White ?, Branches of Law, Bullying, Harassment and Discrimination at the Bar, Blackbelt Barrister, The Secret Barrister, Barristers, Direct Access Barrister, Barristers Behaving Badly, Inns of Court, Council of the Inns of Court, Bar Standards Board, Bar Tribunal and Adjudication Services, Bar Council, Innocent until Proven Guilty and the highly questionable Sussex Family Justice Board.

The Ministry of Injustice is not the Ministry of Justice nor is it affiliated in any way with the justice system, legal profession, police or any other law enforcement agencies.

“Publicity is the very soul of justice. . . . It keeps the judge himself, while trying, under trial….Where there is no publicity there is no justice”

Jeremy Bentham – Mr Justice Cobb: ‘Justice must be seen to be done’

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You should always seek formal legal advice from a qualified and reputable lawyer (solicitor or barrister).

There are a number of links to Free and Paid For Legal Resources and Legal Organisations on the Free Legal Advice , Legal Aid and Pro Bono pages.

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Criminal Justice Government Law Legal Analysis Legal Professionals

Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) Complaints and Feedback

Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) Complaints and Feedback

The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) plays a vital role in the UK’s criminal justice system, ensuring offenders are brought to justice while supporting victims and witnesses.

However, like any public organisation, the CPS may occasionally fall short of expectations. This article explores the CPS’s guidance on providing feedback or making a complaint based on their official policy.

The most senior judge in England and Wales, The Lady Chief Justice Sue Carr has criticised the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) over “fundamental errors” in a press release concerning the sentencing of three boys who were spared custody for the rape of two girls in Fordingbridge.

Judge Nicholas Rowland was ‘wrong’ to spare boy rapists from custody, court told – BBC News

HM Crown Prosecution Service Inspectorate (HMCPSI) has a statutory duty to inspect the operation of the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) and the Serious Fraud Office (SFO).

For reasons unknown, the CPS – Crown Prosecution Service (cps.gov.uk) didn’t renew the registration of the domain cpsgov.uk. So we did 🙂

Charlies Prosecution Service (CPS)
Coming Soon at https://cpsgov.uk – Charlie’s Prosecution Service

The CPS’s Commitment to High Standards

The CPS is dedicated to upholding principles of independence, fairness, honesty, openness, respect, and professional excellence. Their complaints handling is guided by standards such as the CPS Complaints Handling Standard, the Code of Practice for Victims of Crime, and the Principles of Good Complaints Handling from the Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman (PHSO).

All complaints are managed confidentially by trained Complaints Coordinators, ensuring fair and sensitive treatment without discrimination based on gender, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, disability, religion, or belief. Defendants’ complaints are treated equally to those from victims or witnesses.

External oversight is provided by the Independent Assessor of Complaints (IAC), who scrutinises the process to maintain high service levels.

For more on the IAC’s role, visit the CPS website.

What the CPS Complaints and Feedback Policy Covers

Feedback includes positive or negative comments on CPS policies, procedures, services, or performance. Anyone can provide it at any time, with no restrictions. Examples might include praising a new policy or expressing dissatisfaction with a case outcome reported in the media.

Feedback is acknowledged, recorded, and analysed to improve services and promote best practices.

Complaints are expressions of dissatisfaction from those directly involved in a CPS service. They can be:

  • Legal: Related to decisions, such as charging choices.
  • Service: Concerning conduct, like not allowing a victim to read their personal statement in court.
  • Mixed: Combining both elements.

Professional disagreements (e.g., between police and prosecutors) are excluded.

Exclusions from the Policy

Certain matters fall outside the policy:

  • Victims’ Right to Review (VRR): For decisions not to charge or to end proceedings. This stems from the 2011 Killick case and is handled separately. Dissatisfaction with VRR outcomes cannot become a formal complaint. Learn more about VRR on the CPS VRR page.
  • Defence Applications or Appeals: Not for dropping cases or overturning convictions; seek independent legal advice.
  • Ongoing Proceedings: Responses may be limited to avoid prejudice.
  • Civil Claims: Complaints pause if civil action is initiated.
  • Abusive or Persistent Complaints: May be declined.
  • Other Organisations: Direct complaints about police, courts, or judiciary to them (contacts below).
  • Recruitment or Employment: Handled under separate policies.

CPS Complaints Procedure

Complaints can be made by the affected individual or a nominated representative (with written consent).

The process has three stages for service/mixed complaints, but legal complaints end at Stage Two.

Early Resolution

Contact your local CPS office first for informal resolution within three working days, possibly via explanation or apology.

Stage One: Local Review

Submit formally to the originating CPS office. A relevant manager investigates and responds within 20 working days (or notifies of delays).

Stage Two: Senior Review

If unsatisfied, escalate to the Deputy Chief Crown Prosecutor or equivalent within one month. Response within 20 working days.For legal complaints, this concludes the process.

Stage Three: Independent Review

For service complaints, refer to the IAC within one month of Stage Two. The IAC, independent of CPS, reviews service quality and procedure adherence, responding within 40 working days.

Contact: Independent Assessor of Complaints, 102 Petty France, London SW1H 9EA; Email: [email protected] (mailto:[email protected]); Phone: 020 3357 0893 (10am-4pm, Monday-Friday).

If involving Victims’ Code breaches, victims can escalate to the PHSO via an MP after IAC review.

PHSO details: Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman.

How to Provide Feedback to the CPS

There is no time limit, and feedback can be submitted via:

  • Online: Use the CPS Feedback Form.
  • Email: Download the form and email to your local CPS Area (addresses on the CPS Areas page).
  • Post: Send written feedback or the form to local CPS addresses.
  • Telephone: Call local CPS offices (numbers on the website).

All feedback helps refine services for the public.

Handling and Outcomes

Complaints are handled confidentially and fairly. You’ll be informed if upheld (wholly/partly) or not. If justified, expect an apology, corrective action and prevention measures.

In rare cases of severe distress or loss due to maladministration, a consolatory payment may be offered.

Check out our related articles on the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS), Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP), HM Crown Prosecution Service Inspectorate (HMCPSI), Rule of Law, Open Justice, Victims’ Right to Review (VRR), Is the Law Black and White ?, Abuse of Process, What Does Lady Justice Symbolise ?, McKenzie Friend, Can a Judge Direct a Jury to Find a Defendant Not Guilty ?,Law Society, Law Commission, McKenzie Friend Right of Audience, Solicitors, Solicitors Regulation Authority, Barristers, Bar Council of England and Wales, Bar Standards Board, Contra Mundum, R v Sussex Justices, Police Impartiality and the highly questionable Sussex Family Justice Board.

The Ministry of Injustice is not the Ministry of Justice nor is it affiliated in any way with the justice system, legal profession, police or any other law enforcement agencies.

“Publicity is the very soul of justice. . . . It keeps the judge himself, while trying, under trial….Where there is no publicity there is no justice”

Jeremy Bentham – Mr Justice Cobb: ‘Justice must be seen to be done’

Latest Articles ↓

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You should always seek formal legal advice from a qualified and reputable lawyer (solicitor or barrister).

There are a number of links to Free and Paid For Legal Resources and Legal Organisations on the Free Legal Advice , Legal Aid and Pro Bono pages.

Categories
Criminal Justice Government Judiciary Legal Professionals

Minister of State for Courts and Legal Services

Sarah Sackman KC MP - Minister of State for Courts and Legal Services

The role of Minister of State for Courts and Legal Services is a key position within the Ministry of Justice (MoJ), focusing on the operational and policy aspects of the UK’s justice system.

As of January 2026, this post is held by Sarah Sackman KC MP, who brings a wealth of legal expertise to the role.

Sarah Sackman KC MP on Government Plans to scrap Jury trials for crimes with sentences of less than three years

Appointment and Background

Sarah Sackman KC MP was appointed Minister of State in the Ministry of Justice on the 2nd December 2024. Prior to this, she served as Solicitor General for England and Wales from July 2024 until her promotion.

Elected as the Member of Parliament for Finchley and Golders Green in the July 2024 general election, Sackman has a distinguished legal career. Called to the Bar in 2008, she practised as a barrister at Francis Taylor Building and later at Matrix Chambers, specialising in public law, election law, planning, environment and rating law.

Her appointment as King’s Counsel (KC) reflects her standing in the legal profession.The previous holder of the role was The Rt Hon Heidi Alexander MP, who served briefly in 2024.

Sarah Sackman is married to Daniel Benjamin Squires KC, who represented double killer Fuad Awale.

David Lammy, the Justice Secretary, agreed to pay £7,500 in compensation and foot a £234,000 legal bill for Awale after a judge ruled that his treatment in jail breached his human rights.

Key Responsibilities

The Minister of State for Courts and Legal Services oversees a broad portfolio critical to the functioning of the justice system. These include:

  • Criminal courts policy
  • Legal Aid and administration of the Legal Aid Agency
  • Civil Justice
  • Legal Support and Dispute Resolution
  • Legal Services
  • Administration of His Majesty’s Courts and Tribunals Service
  • Magistrates Policy
  • Open Justice
  • Tribunals Policy (including fees)
  • Irregular Migration
  • Judicial Review
  • Leading the MoJ’s mission to “Kickstart economic growth”

This role plays a vital part in ensuring access to justice, efficiency in the courts, and reforms to legal aid and tribunals.

Recent Developments and Priorities

Since taking office, Sarah Sackman has been associated with several initiatives aimed at improving access to justice and modernising the legal system. Notable announcements linked to the role include:

  • Multi-million-pound investments in legal aid to support victims and enhance access to justice.
  • Measures to increase protection for victims of violence, such as scrapping certain fees.
  • Reforms to enable claimants to challenge powerful organisations in court more effectively.
  • Recognition of cryptocurrency as personal property, positioning the UK as a leader in this emerging area.
  • Investments in court infrastructure, such as new Crown Courtrooms, and promotion of UK legal services internationally.

These efforts supposedly align with the government’s broader goals of delivering “swift and fair” justice, boosting economic growth through a robust legal sector, and ensuring transparency and fairness in the courts.

Daily analysis of Crown Court usage – On the 7th January 2026, 75 out of the 516 Crown courtrooms in England & Wales are not sitting. A staggering 15% of them.

The position underscores the importance of a well-functioning justice system in upholding the rule of law and supporting economic stability.

With her background as a practising barrister and recent experience as Solicitor General, Sarah Sackman is well-placed to drive forward reforms in this challenging but essential area of public policy.

Photo Credit : Sarah Sackman KC MP

Check out our articles on the Justice Secretary, Lady Chief Justice, Lord Chancellor, Attorney General, Solicitor General, Government Legal Department, Rule of Law, R v Sussex Justices and the highly questionable Sussex Family Justice Board.

The Ministry of Injustice is not the Ministry of Justice nor is it affiliated in any way with the justice system, legal profession, police or any other law enforcement agencies.

“Publicity is the very soul of justice. . . . It keeps the judge himself, while trying, under trial….Where there is no publicity there is no justice”

Jeremy Bentham – Mr Justice Cobb: ‘Justice must be seen to be done’

Latest Articles ↓

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You should always seek formal legal advice from a qualified and reputable lawyer (solicitor or barrister).

There are a number of links to Free and Paid For Legal Resources and Legal Organisations on the Free Legal Advice , Legal Aid and Pro Bono pages.

Rule of Law - Open Justice - Policing By Consent